Tracking - known as 'letter-spacing' that allow you to adjust spaces in any text constantly.

 

Leading - to add more spacing between the lines of the paragraph by increasing the number of spacing to make it readability.

 

Alignment -  refers to line which can apply to a whole body of text. It is compulsory to consist of every type to create equal sizes and distances.

 

Ligatures - two or letters combined to form a glyph or character.

 

Hyphenation - Hyphens are added and removed automatically by the word processor. It appears when a word breaks onto a next line.

 

Rag - it refers to vertical margins of a type. Good rags are in line or have a slight difference, while bad rags are uneven and irregular.

 

Widows - single or short line at the end of a paragraph.

 

Orphans - one word or short line at the beginning of a paragraph.